While you can view all Stripe transactions on your Stripe Dashboard, you can also view your payments and payouts by navigating to System > Settings > Payment Integrations > Card Payments with Stripe.
An example of the Stripe Account Payments page.
Here you have two tabs: Payments and Payouts. The Payments tab records all payments received from Clients, while the 'Payouts' tab helps you monitor all the payouts you have received from Stripe. Moreover, you can click the little download arrow next to the payment/payout to download a spreadsheet containing a list of payments included in it.
Alongside this, if you navigate to System > Export, you'll see an option called 'Stripe feed' which provides a CSV of Stripe transactions that can be imported into Xero or other accounting packages.
An example of the Export page, with 'Stripe Feed' export highlighted.